Global Aussie activists give patriots example to follow

Young people wanting to identify themselves as patriotic Australians could follow the example set by nine Australian activists, Deakin academics believe.

In their new book, Global Citizens: Australian Activists for Change launched today (Thursday, 26 June) by the Rev Tim Costello, Deakin University Professors Geoff Stokes and Gary Smith, along with Dr Roderic Pitty from the University of Western Australia argue that young Australians don’t have to be bound by the old ways of nationalistic thinking embodied by Pauline Hanson and current party politics. Nor do they just have to accept the other ‘global’ alternative of free market philosophy.

“Australians can be global citizens and this book shows how nine Australians and activists have brought about change by promoting and acting upon universal values and international human rights,” Professor Stokes said.

“Each of our ‘activists’ – Michael Kirby, Jack Mundey, Nancy Shelley, Thao Nguyen, Bob Brown, Margaret Reynolds, Faith Bandler, Herb Feith and Keith Suter – has a way of acting which is globally focused and incorporates a humanitarian view of the world.”

The views that unite them are:
• Seeing the challenges that face Australians in a wider global or regional context
• Focusing on the long-term problems, global warming, pandemics, infringements of human and civil rights
• Holding an inclusive ideal of Australian citizenship and being socially engaged
• Having a humanitarian vision of how Australia should respond to local and global challenges.

Professor Stokes said the activists chosen for the book had effectively bypassed societal and geographical boundaries in their quest to build an identity that was both Australian and global.

“Most wanted the institutions of Australian democracy to become more inclusive of those on the margins of society, and to adopt regimes based upon international human rights,” he said.

“Mundey and Brown are particularly linked by their work for ecological and social sustainability. A constant theme for Feith, Shelley and Suter is their advocacy of global peace and justice. The Christian religion is a central motivation for both Shelley, Suter and also Kirby. Bandler, Reynolds and Nguyen are connected by their activism.

“All of them have looked outward from Australia to larger global problems as well as inward to local and national issues.”

Professor Stokes said the nine individuals were patriotic Australians with a strong allegiance to Australia and its people, yet they are very sceptical of nationalism.

“Each has sought to open Australia up to global influences in innovative ways and by doing so have reshaped Australian institutions and policies,” he said.

“They have demonstrated the practical possibilities of global citizenship in action. Faith Bandler used the court of world opinion to change a racist section of the constitution, Bob Brown helped to establish the Greens as a third force in Tasmania and by doing so linked Australians into the broader global movement for a sustainable planet.”

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Call for principals to speak out on risks at work

With over half of Australia’s 10,000 schools expecting their principals to retire within the next five years, action needs to be taken on the high risk environment in which they work, a Deakin University researcher believes.

In a keynote address delivered to The Legal Fund for State School Leaders conference in Adelaide (June 13) Professor Starr, who is chair of Deakin University’s Centre for Educational Leadership and Renewal says it is time school principals broke their silence about the risks affecting their welfare at work.

“School leaders work in such high risk contexts with high risk consequences that the question that has to be asked is the risk too high, especially when they feel the need to establish the legal fund with their own money to protect their interests at work,” Professor Starr said.

“Principals keep certain topics under wraps, they are ‘undiscussable’ if you like. Principals fear speaking out on these issues because of the effect on their job or reputation.

“Yet by not doing so the problems aren’t aired or resolved. Is it surprising it is difficult to attract people into this leadership role?”

Professor Starr said principals faced a number of risks each day. There were the daily risks of running a school ie litigation, critical incidents, industrial action, performance appraisal, Occupational Health and Safety matters, managing students just to name a few.

They were also exposed to professional, personal and psychological risks such as long working hours, stress, function creep and the effects of constant policy change.

“The way principals are appointed and appraised puts them at risk, “Professor Starr said.

“Their contracts are usually three to five years so they are the most vulnerable employees in the school. But pressures come from all around: there is pressure to be compliant and accountable, there are increasing stakeholders in education and students and parents are becoming more demanding.

“There are many examples of staff members, parents, students even superintendents who have inflicted risk on a school leader in some way.

“Principals perceive that there is too little duty of care shown towards them by their employers and education unions compared with their fellow employees. They feel devalued, disempowered and overwhelmed and so in several states they are taking industrial matters in their own hands and setting up their own fighting funds.”

Professor Starr said the issues principals didn’t speak publicly about included:
• Central directives that do not work
• The continuing inequalities in educational outcomes in Australian schools which are blamed on poor performing schools or incapable teachers, rather than the social inequalities
• Concerns about central or regional control being in the hands of people who have never been school leaders and who simply ‘don’t understand’
• The difficultly in firing incompetent teachers
• The problem that teachers and principals belong to the same union, rendering principals unsupported when teacher claims are brought against them
• Competition rather than collegiality in some education systems
• The concern that principals cannot admit to being stressed for fear of negative ramifications
• The concern about principals’ health being negatively affected by the job but not having the time to make changes.

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Little profit to be made in Aussie volatility - research finds

It’s the sixth most actively traded currency in the world, and at the heart of an Australian economy, which is ranked 19th in terms of economic size. Speculation in the AUD is considered to be significant. Now thanks to research from Deakin University, traders and travellers have a better understanding what makes the Aussie dollar tick.

“All currencies move up and down against each other and the question of whether the Australian dollar is excessively volatile has been asked by financial economists for some time, but people have not been able to agree on how to measure whether movements are excessive,” Dr Terry Boulter from the University’s Business School explained.

My research answers this question and develops a way of tracking currency movements across time, as well as measuring how quickly new information is incorporated into the currency’s value.

Dr Boulter said volatility in the Australian dollar is healthy and not excessive.

“The movement of the dollar can be likened to a heart beat, you don’t want a flatline that is extremely unhealthy, similarly you don’t want excessive movement because that in turn increases market uncertainty, ultimately putting the economy’s health at risk.

“Monetary authorities like doctors do get involved and try to smooth out excessive movements in order to create stability. My research suggests the currency exchange market is sufficiently efficient. The AUD is robust.”

Dr Boulter’s research also looked at the influence of different types of information like economic, political, social and disaster news on the exchange rate. Economic news appears to be the information that has the most significant impact.

“On Wednesday at 11am the Government releases information on the Australian economy, so my research looked at the behaviour of the Australian dollar at that time,” he said.

“It was interesting because the volatility of the Australian dollar begins to increase minutes before an announcement. Then when the announcement is made volatility increases significantly throughout a five minute window and into the new hour.

“The AUD reacts to economic news which you would expect particularly information on inflation, interest rates, the current account deficit and unemployment.

“The good news is that the Currency Exchange market operates efficiently with new information being reflected in the dollar’s price virtually instantaneously.”

Dr Boulter has estimated that the speed of adjustment to new equilibrium occurs within the hour and there is no evidence of a consistent under or over reaction, making it very difficult for speculators to profit from AUD volatility.

“Still it is an attractive currency for speculators given that it is one of the world’s most actively traded currencies.”

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